Molecular and confocal microscopy comparisons of wild type and temperature sensitive alleles of the aspergillus nidulans morphogenetic locus HypA

Aspergillus nidulans is a filamentous fungus whose cells have highly polarized growth. This requires many genes including hypA, which affects hyphal morphogenesis by promoting tip cell growth and suppressing growth in basal regions. The hypA locus was cloned previously by complementing the hypA1 phenotype. The hypA orthologues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe are essential, whereas hypA deletion strains in Aspergillus nidulans are viable but morphologically abnormal. The A. nidulans hypA locus has two temperature sensitive alleles, hypA1 and hypA6. These alleles were generated independently, but using the same mutagen, and were identified and characterized by different groups. Although the hypA1 strain has been shown to sporulate at restrictive temperature, the hypA6 strain was described as having a restrictive arrest phenotype, which suggested it was a lethal defect and was at odds with the report that hypA was dispensable for growth. To resolve this discrepancy, my study compared the hypA1 and hypA6 strains using morphometry, and compared their genetic lesions. I show that the hypA1 and hypA6 phenotypes are indistinguishable and mutation events in their coding regions are identical. Both hypA1 and hypA6 strains were able to sporulate at restrictive temperature as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Their cell morphologies were indistinguishable after growth under restrictive conditions, as were their repolarization kinetics when restrictive-grown cells were shifted to permissive temperature. Sequencing the hypA locus from a hypA6 strain, and comparing it to a hypA1 strain showed that they had identical lesions (G329R), which is consistent with the morphometric analysis. Unexpectedly, the hypA1 and hypA6 strains shared additional non-conservative amino acid substitutions, K885F and E932K, with their wildtype parent A28 compared to the strain used for complementing hypA1. The repair of these two amino acid changes can not rescue hypA1 or hypA6 phenotype at 42C. The S. cerevisiae homologue of hypA protein is TRS120p, which is involved in endomembrane trafficking. FM4-64 endomembrane staining of hypA1 and hypA6 strains showed they had aberrant endomembrane arrays at restrictive versus permissive temperature, which recovered the wildtype pattern after a return to permissive conditions. This is consistent with the similarities between the hypA and TRS120 sequences. The disparity between the published descriptions of the hypA1 and hypA6 restrictive phenotypes has been resolved, and the allele renamed hypA1/A6

A Mobile Geo-Communication Dataset for Physiology-Aware DASH in Rural Ambulance Transport

Use of telecommunication technologies for remote, continuous monitoring of patients can enhance effectiveness of emergency ambulance care during transport from rural areas to a regional center hospital. However, the communication along the various routes in rural areas may have wide bandwidth ranges from 2G to 4G; some regions may have only lower satellite bandwidth available. Bandwidth fluctuation together with real-time communication of various clinical multimedia pose a major challenge during rural patient ambulance transport.; AB@The availability of a pre-transport route-dependent communication bandwidth database is an important resource in remote monitoring and clinical multimedia transmission in rural ambulance transport. Here, we present a geo-communication dataset from extensive profiling of 4 major US mobile carriers in Illinois, from the rural location of Hoopeston to the central referral hospital center at Urbana. In collaboration with Carle Foundation Hospital, we developed a profiler, and collected various geographical and communication traces for realistic emergency rural ambulance transport scenarios. Our dataset is to support our ongoing work of proposing "physiology-aware DASH", which is particularly useful for adaptive remote monitoring of critically ill patients in emergency rural ambulance transport. It provides insights on ensuring higher Quality of Service (QoS) for most critical clinical multimedia in response to changes in patients' physiological states and bandwidth conditions. Our dataset is available online for research community.Comment: Proceedings of the 8th ACM on Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys'17), Pages 158-163, Taipei, Taiwan, June 20 - 23, 201

INTERNET CONTENT PROVIDER LICENCES IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA’S INTERNET INDUSTRY: A PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE

The provision of internet services in China is governed by a detailed regulatory regime. This chapter will outline the basic legal framework for such regulation and highlight current issues created by the existing model

Modeling Nonlinear Vector Time Series Data

In this chapter, we review nonlinear models for vector time series data and develop new nonparametric estimation and inference for them. Vector time series data exist widely in practice. In financial markets, multiple time series are usually correlated. When analyzing several interdependent time series, in general one should consider them as a single vector time series fitted by multivariate models, which provides a useful tool for modeling interdependencies among multiple time series and for simultaneously analyzing feedback and Granger causality effects. Since nonlinear features are widely observed in time series, we consider nonlinear methodology for modeling nonlinear vector time series data, which allows flexibility in the model structure and avoids the curse of dimensionality